Abstract

Exposure to radiation is increasing in a variety of settings including space exploration, diagnostic medical procedures and radiotherapy. Cells of the hematopoietic system, such as white blood cells (WBC), are especially sensitive to radiation and their decline can result in Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS). Radiotherapy is often used for cancers of the central nervous system (CNS), but includes the risk for normal tissue damage, often leading to cognitive impairment. The literature suggests that tetracyclines can be radioprotectors of the hematopoietic system with potential utility in radiation emergencies and anticancer radiotherapy. Minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative, has anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, anti-apoptotic and antiangiogenic properties with exceptional penetration into the CNS. These qualities make it a viable candidate for use in combination with radiotherapy for CNS tumors as a normal tissue radioprotectant and for hematopoietoc recovery following whole-body irradiation. This study was undertaken to determine the potential of minocycline as a radioprotective agent of the hematopoietic system and CNS in response to whole-body irradiation with 1, 2 and 3 Gy (γ-rays). C57BL/6 mice were injected with minocycline, 5 times beginning immediately before irradiation. Spleen, blood and brain were collected on days 4 and 32 post-irradiation. WBC and other cell populations were determined in the blood and spleen while cytokines were quantified in CD3-activated splenocytes and homogenized brain supernatants. We also evaluated the impact of minocycline on DNA synthesis and viability of human glioblastoma cells versus astrocytes and microglia. Minocycline increased counts and percentages of splenic macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer (NK), T and CD8+ T cells on day 4 and B cells on day 32. Minocycline upregulated interleukin-1α (IL-1α) which is radioprotective, as well as granulocytemacrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and G-CSF that accelerate neutrophil recovery at both time points post-exposure. Minocycline reversed the radiation-induced IL-10 decrease in the brain on day 4 while increasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and lowering IL-1β on day 32. The drug did not protect glioblastoma cell lines from radiation but increased the viability of astrocytes at lower doses. These data support further testing of minocycline to counteract radiation insult to the hematopoietic system and CNS.

LLU Discipline

Microbiology

Department

Basic Sciences

School

School of Medicine

First Advisor

Gridley, Daila S.

Second Advisor

Duerksen-Hughes, Penelope

Third Advisor

Hall, Susan

Fourth Advisor

Johnson, Mark

Fifth Advisor

Soto-Wegner, Ubaldo

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Degree Level

Ph.D.

Year Degree Awarded

2012

Date (Title Page)

6-1-2012

Language

English

Library of Congress/MESH Subject Headings

Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Radiation Effects; Radiobiology

Subject - Local

Minocycline; Radioprotectants; Diagnostic Medical Procedures; Radiotherapy; Tetracyclines; Radiation Insult

Type

Dissertation

Page Count

178 p.

Digital Format

Application/PDF

Digital Publisher

Loma Linda University Libraries

Usage Rights

This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights.

Collection

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Collection Website

http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/

Repository

Loma Linda University. Del E. Webb Memorial Library. University Archives

Download

Share

COinS