Abstract

Distraction osteogenesis, a unique system of affecting rapid bone healing in fractures, realigning malformed bones, and lengthening congenitally short and traumatically shortened bones has become an increasingly utilized technique for the maxillofacial region. The use of distraction osteogenesis has been described for increasing the height of edentulous mandibular alveolar ridges while concurrently forming new bone within the ridge to allow for adequate reconstruction. A standard protocol for performing distraction osteogenesis in the maxillofacial region has been well documented in the literature. Standard distraction osteogenesis requires an initial surgery to place the distraction osteogenesis device and mobilize the segment to be distracted, a latency period followed by an active period of distraction, and a final period of consolidation/stabilization. This process traditionally takes approximately four to six months to reach completion. Additionally, the use of distraction osteogenesis appliances has been met, in some cases, with relapse of the bony fragments to the pre-surgical state due to insufficient bone regeneration and remodeling in the area from which the distracted bone had been moved by the appliance. The purpose of this study was to develop the technique for an animal research model by observing, in a surgically produced atrophic alveolar ridge, the host response to human recombinant BMP-2 in conjunction with distraction osteogenesis and its effect on the quantity and quality of the distracted bone product.

Three Macaca fascicularis monkeys were utilized for this pilot study. Each animal had distraction osteogenesis performed on both the left and right edentulous mandibular ridges (n = 6). For each animal, standard distraction osteogenesis was performed on one side, while rhBMP-2 enhanced distraction osteogenesis was performed on the contralateral side.

Two months post-operatively the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric analysis was performed to obtain an indication of the bone density and osseous stability of each side. An increased density of bone was recognized in the rhBMP-2 specimens over the distraction osteogenesis alone specimens at two months post-operatively.

This pilot study demonstrates that the Non-Human Primate mandible can be utilized as a valid test site for evaluating distraction osteogenesis of the atrophic alveolar ridge. Additionally, this pilot study suggests that rhBMP-2 can be utilized as an adjunct to distraction osteogenesis to aid in the formation and stability of newly distracted bone.

Department

Dentistry

School

Graduate School

First Advisor

Philip Boyne

Second Advisor

Alan Herford

Third Advisor

Shahrokh Shabahang

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Degree Level

M.S.

Year Degree Awarded

2003

Date (Title Page)

6-2003

Language

English

Library of Congress/MESH Subject Headings

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation -- methods; Osteogenesis, Distraction; Maxillofacial Abnormalities -- surgery; Facial Bones

Type

Thesis

Page Count

xii; 23

Digital Format

PDF

Digital Publisher

Loma Linda University Libraries

Usage Rights

This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights.

Collection

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Collection Website

http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/

Repository

Loma Linda University. Del E. Webb Memorial Library. University Archives

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