Abstract

Purpose

This in-vitro study compared the effect of implant abutment modification on cement extrusion at the crown-abutment margin using CAD/CAM replicas.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-five standardized 3D-printed abutments (4° TOC, 7 mm height) and copings were designed using TinkerCAD™ and printed with Elegoo ABS™ resin on an Elegoo Saturn™ Printer (Elegoo™, Shenzhen, China). Abutments were divided into five groups (n=15 each): (1) Closed Abutment (CLA)—screw access channel filled with Filtek™ Universal Restorative (3M ESPE™, St. Paul, MN, USA); (2) Open Abutment (OA)— open screw access channel with PTFE tape over the screw head; (3) Internal Vented Abutment (IVA)—similar to OA but with two 1.5-mm vent holes; (4) Cone Abutment (COA)—internal cone design; and (5) Internal Vented Cone Abutment (IVCA)— combining IVA and COA features. Vertical reference marks (5 mm) were placed to ensure proper orientation. Cementation was performed using TempBond™ NE cement (Kerr™, Orange, CA, USA), mixed per manufacturer instructions and loaded into a 1.2-ml fine-tip syringe (Ultradent™, South Jordan, UT, USA). Copings were fully filled with cement and seated onto the abutments under 5 kg of force using a calibrated spring compression device for 10 minutes. Each abutment-coping assembly (CAA) was weighed before cementation (CAA weight) using a Sartorius™ analytical balance (Model GD 503, Sartorius AG™, Göttingen, Germany). Post-setting, assemblies were weighed before (pre-cement removal weight) and after excess cement removal (post-cement removal weight) using a graphite scaler and Orange Solvent™ (EP Industries™, West Yorkshire, UK). Cement retention was calculated as pre-cement removal weight minus postcement removal weight, while total cement loaded was determined as pre-cement removal weight minus CAA weight. The percentage of extruded cement was derived from these values.

Results

Cement extrusion was highest for CLA and lowest for IVCA (IVCA < OA < IVA < COA < CLA), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Within the parameters of our study, the following conclusions are made: • Modifying the abutment design significantly affects the retained cement within the abutment. • Incorporating a vent, cone or both into the abutment design significantly reduces the amount of extruded cement when using TempBond NE cement.

LLU Discipline

Prosthodontics

Department

Prosthodontics

School

School of Dentistry

First Advisor

Mathew T. Kattadiyil

Second Advisor

Jaime Lozada

Third Advisor

Chandur P. Wadhwani

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Degree Level

M.S.

Year Degree Awarded

2025

Date (Title Page)

3-2025

Language

English

Library of Congress/MESH Subject Headings

Dental Abutments; Dental Cements; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; In Vitro Techniques

Type

Thesis

Page Count

xiv, 28 p.

Digital Format

PDF

Digital Publisher

Loma Linda University Libraries

Usage Rights

This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights.

Collection

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Collection Website

http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/

Repository

Loma Linda University. Del E. Webb Memorial Library. University Archives

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