Report Title

Investigating the Impact of Seed Cycling on Menstrual Regularity, Dysmenorrhea, and Premenstrual Symptoms

Collective Title

Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics Research Reports 2026

Abstract

Menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea are common in reproductive-age women and can affect quality of life. This study examined whether seed cycling could improve menstrual health in women with irregular cycles or menstrual discomfort. In this single-arm intervention study, women aged 18 - 45 consumed flax and pumpkin seeds during the follicular phase and sesame and sunflower seeds during the luteal phase for three menstrual cycles. Cycle length and symptoms were tracked monthly using smartphone health apps and the Menstrual Health Symptom Questionnaire (MHSQ). Sixteen participants completed the study. Repeated measures across baseline and 1-, 2-, and 3-month follow-ups were analyzed using random-intercept linear mixed-effects models. Symptom scores significantly decreased from baseline (36.30 ± 9.27) to 3 months (27.12 ± 5.83), with an estimated reduction of 9.04 points (p < 0.001). No significant changes were seen for breast tenderness, gastrointestinal symptoms, appetite, or cycle length. These findings suggest that a 3-cycle seed-cycling intervention may help improve menstrual symptoms and support menstrual health as a non-pharmacological dietary strategy.

LLU Discipline

Nutrition and Dietetics

Department

Nutrition and Dietetics

School

School of Allied Health Professions

First Advisor

Lida Gharibvand

Second Advisor

Edward Bitok

Third Advisor

Lesley Ann Foster-Nicholas

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Degree Level

M.S.

Year Degree Awarded

2026

Date (Title Page)

2026

Language

English

Library of Congress/MESH Subject Headings

Menstruation disorders—Diet therapy; Premenstrual syndrome—Diet therapy; Seeds—Health aspects

Type

Research Report

Digital Format

PDF

Digital Publisher

Loma Linda University Libraries

Usage Rights

This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights.

Collection

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Collection Website

scholarsrepository.llu.edu/rr/

Repository

Loma Linda University. University Libraries.

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